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2.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(2): 137-142, feb. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043326

RESUMO

Se revisa la hiperglucemia pospandrial como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Se han encontrado suficientes datos fisiopatológicos y de asociación, lo que ha permitido a los estudios de intervención catalogarla con un nivel de evidencia IIb, con un grado de recomendación B. Se recomienda su determinación a las 2 h postingesta y con la frecuencia de la que se deriven modificaciones terapéuticas. Se hace una revisión de diversos fármacos útiles, para lo que se propone un esquema general terapéutico


Postprandial hyperglycemia as a cardiovascular risk factor is reviewed. Sufficient physiological and associated data were found to allow intervention studies to classify it with level IIb evidence and grade B recommendation. Determinations should be performed 2 hours after food intake and when therapy is modified. Several useful drugs are reviewed and a general therapeutic protocol is proposed


Assuntos
Humanos , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Período Pós-Prandial , Hiperglicemia/fisiopatologia , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia
3.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(9): 510-511, nov. 2005.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041477

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 37 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 de 20 años de evolución que padece una grave gastroparesia diabética. Para el tratamiento de ésta, requirió la colocación de una sonda de yeyunostomía por la que recibía nutrición enteral continua en bomba de perfusión y su diabetes estaba bien controlada con una dosis diaria de insulina glargina (AU)


We report the case of a 37-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus of 20 years' duration who presented with severe gastroparesis. Gastroparesis required jejunostomy with enteral nutrition administered with continuous perfusion pump and diabetes was well regulated with a daily dose of insulin glargine (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Gastroparesia/etiologia , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Gastroparesia/terapia , Jejunostomia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico
4.
Diabet Med ; 22(1): 26-31, 2005 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15606687

RESUMO

AIMS: Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL) in predicting the cardiovascular risk of Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Prospective cohort study with inclusion of 418 Type 2 diabetic individuals with follow-up until the appearance of a cardiovascular event. The predictive power of updated mean lipid values during follow-up was analysed by means of Cox proportional hazard models. An estimate was made of the relative risk (RR) conferred by high levels of TC/HDL stratified by LDL-cholesterol levels. RESULTS: Sixty-six cardiovascular events occurred during an average follow-up of 4.7 years (sd 1.5). The main lipid predictor of vascular events was mean TC/HDL ratio [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25, 1.7; P < 0.0001]. In the multivariate model with simultaneous inclusion of mean TC/HDL and mean LDL-cholesterol, both were significant predictors of cardiovascular disease [HR (1 unit) = 1.37; 95% CI 1.16, 1.62; P = 0.0003 and HR (1 mmol/l) = 1.5; 95% CI 1.04, 2.18; P = 0.03, respectively]. The LDL adjusted RR for cardiovascular events due to high TC/HDL ratio, with 4.5 cut-off point, was 2.5 (95% CI 1.4, 4.3; P = 0.0007). For the stratum of subjects with average LDL cholesterol < 3.5 mmol/l, RR was 1.2 (95% CI 0.5, 2.8; P = NS) and for the stratum of average LDL cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/l, RR was 4 (95% CI 1.8, 9; P = 0.00013), with heterogeneity among strata (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: It could be useful to include the TC/HDL ratio in treatment guides for diabetic dyslipidaemia, given their high predictive value and strong interaction with LDL cholesterol.


Assuntos
Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Rev Clin Esp ; 204(1): 18-24, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14746756

RESUMO

CONTEXT: To know the characteristics, related risk factors, and degree of control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in our country. METHODS: Observational, unrandom, opened, and multicenter study. Anthropometric characteristics, substance abuse, medication, control of diabetes, cholesterol, and triglycerides were analyzed in 5,395 patients. The patients were classified according to the length of the diagnosis: recent diabetes (RD) and known diabetes (KD). The chi-square test was utilized in order to compare the categorical variables, and the Student's t test for compare the continuous variables. The relationship between these variables was analyzed through the Pearson's correlation coefficient, and an analysis of multiple correspondence was carried out. RESULTS: Median age, 63 years; obese, 34%; smokers, 11%; drinkers, 24%; hypertensives, 44%; lipemic, 42%. Control degree: HbA1c>6.5% in 79%, LDLc>115 mg/dl in 80%. Hypoglycemic treatment: sulfonylureas, 62.8%; antidiabetics combination, 5%; only insulin, 4.3%; insulin combined with antidiabetics, 20.6%. Control of diabetics, of lipids, and of weight was lower in the patients with KD that in the patients with RD (HbA1c, 7.6% versus 7%; LDLc 148 mg/dl versus 136 mg/dl; percentage of obese, 27.2% versus 38.62%). A relationship between the length of evolution of diabetes and the deterioration of the control of blood glucose and of lipids was detected. CONCLUSION: DM2 and its associated risk factors are insufficiently controlled in our country. The drug combination and insulin are utilized scarcely.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia
6.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 204(1): 18-24, ene. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29208

RESUMO

Fundamento. Conocer las características, factores de riesgo asociados y el grado de control de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de nuestro país. Métodos. Estudio observacional, no aleatorizado, abierto y multicéntrico. Se analizó en 5.395 pacientes sus características antropométricas, hábitos tóxicos, medicación, control de la diabetes, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se dividieron según la antigüedad del diagnóstico en diabetes reciente (DR) y diabetes conocida (DC). Se utilizó la prueba de 2 para comparar las variables categóricas y la "t" de Student para comparar las variables continuas. La relación entre estas variables se analizó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y se realizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados. Edad media, 63 años; obesos, 34 por ciento; fumadores, 11 por ciento; bebedores, 24 por ciento; hipertensos, 44 por ciento; hiperlipidémicos, 42 por ciento. Grado de control: HbA1c > 6,5 por ciento en el 79 por ciento, c-LDL>115 mg/dl en el 80 por ciento. Tratamiento hipoglucemiante: sulfonilurea, 62,8 por ciento; combinación de antidiabéticos, 5 por ciento; insulina sola 4,3 por ciento, y combinada con antidiabéticos, 20,6 por ciento. El control de la diabetes, de los lípidos y del peso fue peor en los pacientes con DC que en los DR (HbA1c, 7,6 por ciento frente al 7 por ciento; LDL, 148 mg/dl frente a 136 mg/dl; porcentaje de obesos, 27,2 por ciento frente al 38,62 por ciento). Encontramos relación entre el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes y el deterioro del control de la glucemia y de los lípidos. Conclusión. La DM2 y los factores de riesgo asociados están mal controlados en nuestro país. Se utiliza poco la combinación de fármacos y la insulina (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Glicemia , Antropometria , Lipídeos , Hipoglicemiantes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
8.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(6): 179-184, jun. 2002. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-15350

RESUMO

Antecedentes. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar los datos referentes a la indicación, tratamiento y evolución de un grupo de pacientes incluidos en el programa de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) financiado por el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo donde se ha analizado a 101 pacientes (edad media, 71,5 ñ 17,7 años) que han precisado NED entre los años 1994 y 2001. En todos los pacientes se siguieron las recomendaciones de la Guía de Práctica Clínica de NED editada por el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se valoraron el diagnóstico, vía de acceso, forma de administración de las fórmulas enterales, complicaciones y calidad de vida. La capacidad funcional se midió mediante el índice de Katz. Resultados. La enfermedad neurológica ha sido la principal indicación de NED (69 por ciento) y la gastrostomía percutánea fue la vía de acceso más representada (41 por ciento). En el 76 por ciento de los pacientes se ha utilizado fórmulas poliméricas donde la administración intermitente con jeringa fue la pauta de infusión más generalizada (96 por ciento). La pérdida de la sonda ha representado la complicación más común (30 por ciento). El tiempo medio de utilización del soporte nutricional ha sido de 11 meses. La NED fue suspendida en el 42,5 por ciento de los enfermos, siendo la muerte en relación con la enfermedad de base la principal causa de retirada (83,7 por ciento). Una gran parte de los enfermos (79 por ciento) presentaba dependencia para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Conclusiones. La NED es una alternativa terapéutica segura, sencilla y eficaz que permite al paciente permanecer en su entorno sociofamiliar sin que esto condicione su estado nutricional (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Tratamento Domiciliar/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus/dietoterapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus/complicações , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos
9.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 48(6): 174-176, jun. 2001. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13310

RESUMO

La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad heterogénea en la que se asocia la resistencia a la insulina y el déficit relativo y posteriormente absoluto de insulina. Recientemente se han descrito una serie de fármacos capaces de disminuir la glicemia posprandial de los pacientes diabéticos así como disminuir las concentraciones de HbA1c y mejorar el control metabólico. La repaglinida y la nateglinida actúan aumentando la secreción de insulina. Entre las tiazolidenedionas se han utilizado la toglitazona, la rosiglitazona y la pioglitazona. Su mecanismo de acción es estimulando los receptores de la PPAR- y activando la entrada de glucosa. La experiencia sobre estos fármacos es limitada. Parece que la pioglitazona y la rosiglitazona tienen menos efectos secundarios que los descritos para la toglitazona (hepatotoxicidad). Dichos fármacos pueden utilizarse en combinación con la insulina o con la metformina (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Período Pós-Prandial , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia
10.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 47(10): 322-324, dic. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4057

RESUMO

El síndrome de intestino corto se caracteriza por un cuadro clínico que describe las consecuencias metabólicas y nutricionales que ocurren tras una resección masiva de intestino delgado. El pronóstico depende de la longitud y segmento intestinal resecado, presencia o ausencia de la válvula ileocecal y colon, existencia de enfermedad intestinal subyacente y capacidad de adaptación del intestino remanente. Resecciones de intestino delgado superiores al 75 por ciento provocan un cuadro de malabsorción grave con compromiso nutricional que a menudo requiere el uso de nutrición parenteral a largo plazo. La exposición de la mucosa intestinal a los nutrientes intraluminales es uno de los principales mecanismos implicados en la respuesta adaptativa del intestino remanente. Presentamos el caso de un síndrome de intestino corto con un remanente intestinal afectado por enteritis rádica y con una longitud de 100 cm de yeyuno proximal y 30 cm de colon transverso/descendente. Tras un período 18 meses, en los que el paciente precisó nutrición parenteral domiciliaria para mantener su estado nutricional, se consiguió la adaptación del intestino remanente y en la actualidad sus requerimientos nutricionales se hallan cubiertos con un soporte nutricional por vía oral (AU)


Assuntos
Idoso , Masculino , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/dietoterapia , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Lesões por Radiação/dietoterapia , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Neoplasias Retais/complicações
12.
Diabetes Care ; 20(4): 534-6, 1997 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9096976

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to investigate their associated cardiovascular risk factors in Aragón, Spain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study with stratified and purposive sampling of residents aged 10-74 years. A sample of 935 subjects (427 men and 508 women) was selected. All except those with a previous history of diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used for diagnosis of undiagnosed diabetes and IGT. Plasma lipid levels, blood pressure, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio were also measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and IGT was 3.1, 3.0, and 7.2%, respectively. In the age range of 30-64 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes (using the world population of Segi) was 7.1% in men and 5.6% in women. Both diabetes and IGT were associated with high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, and overweight and upper-body fat distribution. Only upper-body fat distribution in women was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes than in subjects with IGT. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in Aragón was moderately high (6.1%) and comparable with that reported in other white populations around the world. The proportion of unknown cases of diabetes was nearly 50%. Cardiovascular risk factors associated with diabetes and IGT supported the existence of an insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome, but there were not sufficient differences between diabetes and IGT to suggest a possible pathogenetic relation of hyperinsulinemia and associated risk factors.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Feminino , Geografia , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue
13.
An Med Interna ; 8(7): 333-5, 1991 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1932490

RESUMO

The qualitative features of the proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy was studied by carrying out tests of clearance quotient of IgG and albumin in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients with micro and macroalbuminuria showed a major selectivity of proteinuria in relation to normoalbuminuric patients; this suggests a loss of anions at glomerular level.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/urina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/urina , Nefropatias Diabéticas/urina , Proteinúria/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
Nutr Hosp ; 5(6): 364-6, 1990.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2132763

RESUMO

Description of the main metabolic methods of different lipoproteins in relation to transportation of both exogenous lipids and endogenous lipids, with special reference to the regulation of synthesis and the destination of colesterol. An analysis was then made of the influence of dietetic colesterol on the different lipoproteins, and that of fatty acids. An evaluation was made of its possible influence on the pathogeny of the atheroma plate. Finally, an alternative unified diet was proposed as a main dietetic guide, both in prevention and therapy.


Assuntos
Arteriosclerose/etiologia , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Arteriosclerose/dietoterapia , Arteriosclerose/metabolismo , Colesterol na Dieta/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo
15.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 92(6): 207-12, 1989 Feb 18.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2709905

RESUMO

Two cross-sectional prevalence studies have been performed on april 10 and June 12, 1986, at the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Zaragoza in order to gather information about the use and consumption of antimicrobial drugs and the degree of hospital infection. On these days, of the 726 and 717 patients admitted to the hospital, 29.3% and 26.3% were treated with antimicrobial drugs and, of these, 31.4% and 23.8% respectively, with associate drugs (above all empirical purposes and for respiratory infections), aminoglycosides being the most common. The indication of antimicrobial drugs was distributed in the following manner on both days: prophylactic 28.7% and 25.1%, empirical 42.3% and 56.9% and therapeutical 27.9% and 17.6%. The prophylactic treatments were correct in 46.1% and 36.6% of the cases, and of those 74.3% and 71.6% were for surgical prophylaxis; the average time was 3.5 and 4.5 days on each day studied. The most commonly used antimicrobial drugs were, in decreased order: gentamicin, amoxycilin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, pipemidic acid and cefamandol. The consumption was 1.36 and 1.29 drugs per patient on each day. The most common routes of administration were I.V. and oral. The intervals and dosages were generally respected. The most frequent were respiratory and urinary infections, and of these, 21% and 32% of the respiratory infections were nosocomial as were 23% and 32% of the urinary infection. 7.1% and 4.3% of the patients admitted developed a hospital-acquired infection on each day. The most frequent isolated germs were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were no adverse reactions to the antimicrobial drugs documented.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Uso de Medicamentos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Espanha
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